Yashil texnologiyalar ta’riflarini qiyoslash va o‘lchov asosini tanlash

Otaboyev Umrbek

doi:https://journal.nordicuniversity.org/

Abstract

Xalqaro tashkilotlarning tan olishicha, yashil texnologiyalar tushunchasining umumiy qabul qilingan yagona ta’rifi yo‘q. Bu holat sanoat iqtisodiyoti uchun amaliy to‘siq tug‘diradi, chunki operatsional ta’rifsiz sanoatda yashil texnologiyalarni joriy etish ko‘lamini statistik o‘lchab bo‘lmaydi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi mavjud institutsional va akademik ta’riflarni qiyoslab, ular orasidan sanoat darajasida o‘lchash uchun amaliy asos bo‘la oladiganini aniqlashdan iborat. Maqolada ta’rif yoki tasnifni bevosita taklif qiluvchi yettita birlamchi hujjat tanlandi. Ular operatsional ta’rif talablaridan kelib chiqqan to‘rt mezon bo‘yicha qiyoslandi. Natijaga ko‘ra, yettita ta’rifdan faqat bittasi, ya’ni Iqtisodiy Hamkorlik va Taraqqiyot Tashkiloti hamda Yevropa statistika xizmatining qo‘shma ta’rifi rasmiy tasniflagichlarga bevosita bog‘langan. U NACE rev.2, CPA, CEPA 2000 va CReMA 2008 tizimlariga, savdo tahlilida esa HS va CN kodlariga tayanadi. Qolgan oltita ta’rif natijaga qarab beriladi va o‘lchash chegarasini belgilamaydi. Xulosa O‘zbekistonda yashil texnologiyalar bo‘yicha statistik hisob toifasini shakllantirishda qaysi xalqaro tizimga tayanish kerakligini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot cheklovi shundan iboratki, ish nazariy-tahliliy xarakterga ega va taklif etilgan yondashuv empirik sinovdan o‘tkazilmagan.

Keywords

yashil texnologiyalar

operatsional ta’rif

ekologik tovarlar va xizmatlar sektori

sanoat statistikasi

eko-innovatsiya

So‘nggi yillarda sanoat ishlab chiqarishi global parnik gazlari emissiyasining qariyb uchdan bir qismini hosil qiladi. Shu bois sanoatni ekologiyalashtirish iqlim siyosatining markaziy yo‘nalishiga aylandi. O‘zbekistonda bu yo‘nalish davlat siyosati darajasiga ko‘tarilgan. Prezidentning PQ-4477-son qarori bilan tasdiqlangan strategiyada 2030-yilgacha qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalari ulushini 30 foizga yetkazish vazifasi belgilangan. Siyosat qarorlari tez qabul qilinmoqda, biroq ularning bajarilishini o‘lchash apparati ortda qolmoqda. Buning ildizi tushunchaviy noaniqlik hisoblanib, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Osiyo va Tinch okeani mintaqasi iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy komissiyasi yashil texnologiyalarning xalqaro miqyosda kelishilgan ta’rifi mavjud emasligini ochiq qayd etadi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Savdo va taraqqiyot konferensiyasi 2023-yilgi hisobotida ham shu holat takrorlanadi. Shu nuqtai nazardan, mazkur tadqiqotning dolzarbligi ta’rifning noaniqligi sanoat statistikasida tegishli hisob toifasini shakllantirishga to‘sqinlik qilayotgan holatdan kelib chiqadi.

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